Malnutrition in all forms, ranging from undernourishment to obesity and associated diet-related diseases, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, while food systems often have major environmental impacts. Rapid global population growth and increases in demands for food and changes in dietary habits create challenges to provide universal access to healthy food without creating negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. This article discusses opportunities for and challenges to sustainable food systems from a human health perspective by making the case for avoiding the transition to unhealthy less sustainable diets (using India as an exemplar), reducing food waste by changing consumer behaviour (with examples from Japan), and using innovations and new technologies to reduce the environmental impact of healthy food production. The article touches upon two of the challenges to achieving healthy sustainable diets for a global population, i.e., reduction on the yield and nutritional quality of crops (in particular vegetables and fruits) due to climate change; and trade-offs between food production and industrial crops. There is an urgent need to develop and implement policies and practices that provide universal access to healthy food choices for a growing world population, whilst reducing the environmental footprint of the global food system.

中文翻译：

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可持续粮食系统-健康观点。

从营养不足到肥胖症以及与饮食相关的疾病等各种形式的营养不良，是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因之一，而食品系统通常会对环境造成重大影响。全球人口的快速增长以及对食物的需求增加和饮食习惯的改变给在不造成负面环境，经济和社会影响的情况下提供普遍获得健康食物的挑战。本文从人类健康的角度讨论了可持续食品系统的机遇和挑战，方法是避免向不健康，可持续性较低的饮食过渡（以印度为例），通过改变消费者的行为减少食物浪费（以日本为例） ，并使用创新技术来减少健康食品生产对环境的影响。文章谈到了实现全球人口健康可持续饮食的两个挑战，即由于气候变化而降低了作物（特别是蔬菜和水果）的产量和营养质量；粮食生产和工业作物之间的权衡。迫切需要制定和实施政策和做法，以使日益增长的世界人口能够普遍获得健康食物的选择，同时减少全球粮食系统的环境足迹。