BackgroundColored hulless barley are more suitable in food processing compared to normal (yellow) varieties because it is rich in bioactive compounds and produces higher extraction pearling fractions. Therefore, seed coat color is an important agronomic trait for the breeding and study of hulless barley.ResultsGenotyping-by-sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (GBS-SNP) analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population (Nierumuzha × Kunlun10) was conducted to map the purple seed coat color genes (Psc). A high-density genetic map of hulless barley was constructed, which contains 3662 efficient SNP markers with 1129 bin markers. Seven linkage groups were resolved, which had a total length of 645.56 cM. Chromosome length ranged from 60.21 cM to 127.21 cM, with average marker density of 0.57 cM. A total of five loci accounting for 3.79% to 23.86% of the observed phenotypic variation for Psc were detected using this high-density map. Five structural candidate genes (F3’M, HID, UF3GT, UFGT and 5MAT) and one regulatory factor (Ant1) related to flavonoid or anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified..ConclusionsFive structural candidate genes and one regulatory factor related to flavonoid or anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified using a high-density genetic map of hulless barley. This study lays the foundation for map-based cloning of Psc but provides a valuable tool for studying marker-trait associations and its application to marker-assisted breeding of hulless barley.

中文翻译：

---

高密度遗传图谱的构建：通过测序（GBS）进行基因分型以绘制大麦紫色种皮颜色（Psc）

背景与普通（黄色）品种相比，有色去壳大麦更适合食品加工，因为它富含生物活性化合物并产生更高的珍珠提取率。因此，种皮颜色是大麦育种研究的重要农艺性状。绘制紫色种皮颜色基因 (Psc)。构建了大麦高密度遗传图谱，其中包含3662个高效SNP标记和1129个bin标记。解决了7个连锁群，总长度为645.56 cM。染色体长度范围为 60.21 cM 至 127.21 cM，平均标记密度为 0.57 cM。共5个位点占23个，占3.79%。使用此高密度图检测到 86% 的 Psc 观察到的表型变异。鉴定出5个结构候选基因（F3'M、HID、UF3GT、UFGT和5MAT）和1个与黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调控因子（Ant1）。结论5个结构候选基因和1个与黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调控因子使用去壳大麦的高密度遗传图谱鉴定。该研究为基于图谱的 Psc 克隆奠定了基础，但为研究标记-性状关联及其在去壳大麦标记辅助育种中的应用提供了有价值的工具。UFGT和5MAT）和一个与类黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调节因子（Ant1）被鉴定出来。结论利用去皮大麦的高密度遗传图谱已经确定了五个结构候选基因和一个与类黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调节因子。该研究为基于图谱的 Psc 克隆奠定了基础，但为研究标记-性状关联及其在去壳大麦标记辅助育种中的应用提供了有价值的工具。UFGT和5MAT）和一个与类黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调节因子（Ant1）被鉴定出来。结论利用去皮大麦的高密度遗传图谱已经确定了五个结构候选基因和一个与类黄酮或花青素生物合成相关的调节因子。该研究为基于图谱的 Psc 克隆奠定了基础，但为研究标记-性状关联及其在去壳大麦标记辅助育种中的应用提供了有价值的工具。