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Type III secretion system effector proteins: double agents in bacterial disease and plant defense.
Annual Review of Phytopathology ( IF 10.2 ) Pub Date : 2004-07-31 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040103.110731
James R Alfano 1 , Alan Collmer
Affiliation  

Many phytopathogenic bacteria inject virulence effector proteins into plant cells via a Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS). Without the TTSS, these pathogens cannot defeat basal defenses, grow in plants, produce disease lesions in hosts, or elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhosts. Pathogen genome projects employing bioinformatic methods to identify TTSS Hrp regulon promoters and TTSS pathway targeting signals suggest that phytopathogenic Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Ralstonia spp. harbor large arsenals of effectors. The Hrp TTSS employs customized cytoplasmic chaperones, conserved export components in the bacterial envelope (also used by the TTSS of animal pathogens), and a more specialized set of TTSS-secreted proteins to deliver effectors across the plant cell wall and plasma membrane. Many effectors can act as molecular double agents that betray the pathogen to plant defenses in some interactions and suppress host defenses in others. Investigations of the functions of effectors within plant cells have demonstrated the plasma membrane and nucleus as subcellular sites for several effectors, revealed some effectors to possess cysteine protease or protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and provided new clues to the coevolution of bacterium-plant interactions.

中文翻译:

III型分泌系统效应蛋白:细菌病和植物防御中的双重作用剂。

许多植物病原细菌通过Hrp III型分泌系统(TTSS)将毒力效应蛋白注入植物细胞。没有TTSS,这些病原体将无法击败基础防御系统,无法在植物中生长,无法在宿主中产生病害或在非宿主中引发超敏反应(HR)。病原体基因组计划采用生物信息学方法来鉴定TTSS Hrp调节子启动子和TTSS途径靶向信号表明,致病性假单胞菌,黄单胞菌和Ralstonia spp。拥有大量的效应器库。Hrp TTSS使用定制的细胞质伴侣,细菌包膜中的保守输出成分(也被动物病原体的TTSS使用)以及一组更专业的TTSS分泌蛋白来跨植物细胞壁和质膜传递效应子。许多效应器可以充当分子双重试剂,在某些相互作用中出卖病原体以防御植物,而在其他相互作用中抑制宿主防御。对植物细胞内效应子功能的研究表明,质膜和细胞核是多个效应子的亚细胞位点,揭示了一些效应子具有半胱氨酸蛋白酶或蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶活性,并为细菌-植物相互作用的共同进化提供了新线索。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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