The retinal circulation of the normal human retinal vasculature is statistically self-similar and fractal. Studies from several groups present strong evidence that the fractal dimension of the blood vessels in the normal human retina is approximately 1.7. This is the same fractal dimension that is found for a diffusion-limited growth process, and it may have implications for the embryological development of the retinal vascular system. The methods of determining the fractal dimension for branching trees are reviewed together with proposed models for the optimal formation (Murray Principle) of the branching vascular tree in the human retina and the branching pattern of the human bronchial tree. The limitations of fractal analysis of branching biological structures are evaluated. Understanding the design principles of branching vascular systems and the human bronchial tree may find applications in tissue and organ engineering, i.e., bioartificial organs for both liver and kidney.

中文翻译：

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人视网膜中血管树的分形分析。

正常人的视网膜脉管系统的视网膜循环在统计学上是自相似的并且是分形的。来自几组的研究提供了有力的证据，表明正常人视网膜中血管的分形维数约为1.7。分形维数与扩散受限的生长过程相同，并且可能对视网膜血管系统的胚胎发育有影响。审查了确定分支树的分形维数的方法，并提出了用于在人类视网膜中分支血管树的最佳形成（Murray原理）的模型以及人支气管树的分支模式的建议模型。分支生物结构的分形分析的局限性进行了评估。