Increased longevity and improved medical management of children with chronic illnesses has led to a focus on the short- and long-term consequences of these conditions on bone health. Bone loss is influenced by diet, malabsorption, and disease-related imbalances in bone turnover. It may be exacerbated by common medications, especially corticosteroids. Assessment of bone mass and quality, calcium absorption, kinetically derived rates of bone turnover, and biochemical markers of bone turnover have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of bone loss in these children as well as provided insights into possible therapeutic interventions. Increased intake of calcium and vitamin D, while useful, is unlikely to prevent or resolve bone loss in many chronically ill children. Emphasis on combination of nutritional interventions with exercise and newer bone-sparing therapies may be necessary.

中文翻译：

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患有慢性疾病的儿童的钙和骨矿物质代谢。

慢性病患儿寿命的延长和医疗管理的改善，导致人们关注这些疾病对骨骼健康的短期和长期影响。饮食，吸收不良以及疾病相关的骨代谢失衡会影响骨质流失。普通药物，尤其是皮质类固醇可能会加重病情。对骨质量和质量，钙吸收，骨转换动力学得出的速率以及骨转换的生化标志物的评估增加了我们对这些儿童骨丢失的病理生理学的了解，并提供了对可能的治疗干预措施的见识。钙和维生素D的摄入量增加虽然有用，但在许多慢性病儿童中不可能预防或解决骨质流失。