This review summarizes the major features of CD1 genes and proteins, the patterns of intracellular trafficking of CD1 molecules, and how they sample different intracellular compartments for self- and foreign lipids. We describe how lipid antigens bind to CD1 molecules with their alkyl chains buried in hydrophobic pockets and expose their polar lipid headgroup whose fine structure is recognized by the TCR of CD1-restricted T cells. CD1-restricted T cells carry out effector, helper, and adjuvant-like functions and interact with other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, and B cells, thereby contributing to both innate and adaptive immune responses. Insights gained from mice and humans now delineate the extensive range of diseases in which CD1-restricted T cells play important roles and reveal differences in the role of CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in contrast to CD1d. Invariant TCR alpha chains, self-lipid reactivity, and rapid effector responses empower a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells (NKT cells) to have unique effector functions without counterpart among MHC-restricted T cells. This review describes the function of CD1-restricted T cells in antimicrobial responses, antitumor immunity, and in regulating the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity.

中文翻译：

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CD1：抗原呈递和T细胞功能。

这篇综述总结了CD1基因和蛋白质的主要特征，CD1分子在细胞内运输的模式，以及它们如何为自身和外来脂质对不同的细胞室内进行采样。我们描述了脂质抗原如何结合其烷基链埋在疏水口袋中的CD1分子，并暴露其极性脂质头基，其精细结构被CD1限制性T细胞的TCR识别。受CD1限制的T细胞执行效应子，辅助和佐剂样功能，并与其他细胞类型（包括巨噬细胞，树突状细胞，NK细胞，T细胞和B细胞）相互作用，从而促进先天性和适应性免疫反应。现在，从小鼠和人类获得的见解描述了CD1限制性T细胞在其中发挥重要作用的广泛疾病，并揭示了与CD1d相比，CD1a，CD1b和CD1c的作用存在差异。不变的TCRα链，自身脂质反应性和快速的效应子反应使CD1d限制性T细胞（NKT细胞）的子集具有独特的效应子功能，而在MHC限制性T细胞中却没有对应物。这篇综述描述了CD1限制性T细胞在抗菌反应，抗肿瘤免疫以及调节耐受性和自身免疫之间的平衡中的功能。快速的效应反应使CD1d限制性T细胞（NKT细胞）的子集具有独特的效应子功能，而MHC限制性T细胞却没有对应物。这篇综述描述了CD1限制性T细胞在抗微生物反应，抗肿瘤免疫以及调节耐受性和自身免疫之间的平衡中的功能。快速的效应反应使CD1d限制性T细胞（NKT细胞）的子集具有独特的效应子功能，而MHC限制性T细胞却没有对应物。这篇综述描述了CD1限制性T细胞在抗微生物反应，抗肿瘤免疫以及调节耐受性和自身免疫之间的平衡中的功能。