This review examines potential impacts of transgenic cultivars on insect population dynamics and evolution. Experience with classically bred, insecticidal cultivars has demonstrated that a solid understanding of both the target insect's ecology and the cultivar's performance under varied field conditions will be essential for predicting area-wide effects of transgenic cultivars on pest and natural enemy dynamics. This experience has also demonstrated the evolutionary capacity of pests for adaptive response to insecticidal traits in crops. Biochemical and genetic studies of insect adaptation to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins expressed by currently marketed transgenic cultivars indicate a high risk for rapid adaptation if these cultivars are misused. Theoretical and practical issues involved in implementing strategies to delay pest adaptation to insecticidal cultivars are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on examining the "high dose"/refuge strategy that has become the goal of industry and regulatory authorities.

中文翻译：

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转基因杀虫品种的可持续性：整合有害生物遗传学和生态学。

这项审查审查了转基因品种对昆虫种群动态和进化的潜在影响。具有经典繁殖的杀虫品种的经验表明，对目标昆虫的生态学和品种在不同田间条件下的性能的深入了解对于预测转基因品种对害虫和天敌动态的区域性影响至关重要。这项经验还证明了有害生物对作物杀虫性状的适应性反应的进化能力。目前市售转基因品种表达的昆虫对苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）毒素的适应性的生化和遗传研究表明，如果滥用这些品种，则快速适应的风险很高。审查了有关实施战略以延缓害虫适应杀虫品种的理论和实践问题。重点放在检查“高剂量” /避难所策略上，该策略已成为行业和监管机构的目标。