This paper examines demographic and socioeconomic forces in high isolated parts of the world. These regions were not always isolated; they were once the centers of their own particular worlds which, in some cases, were complex civilizations. It is their relegation to the very periphery of the modern world that is the principal theme of this paper. Population migration, both into and out of these areas, has played a vital role in linking mountainous regions to the wider world. Particular attention is paid to the part played by the traditional mobility patterns and by the resource base of the mountains in the transformation of integral, self-sufficient cultures into dependent, subservient part-cultures, the regions of refuge. The effect of population pressure and the development of outmigration from the Andes of Peru is examined first and the analysis extended to the highlands of Papua-New Guinea and to several regions in the Himalayan arc to provide the background for a comparative study of regions of refuge.

中文翻译：

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山区环境中的人口压力，流动性和社会经济变化：比较视野中的避难区。

本文研究了世界上偏远地区的人口和社会经济力量。这些区域并不总是孤立的。它们曾经是自己特定世界的中心，在某些情况下，它们是复杂的文明。降级到现代世界的外围是本文的主要主题。进出这些地区的人口迁移在将山区与更广阔的世界联系起来方面发挥了至关重要的作用。在将整体，自给自足的文化转变为依存的，服从的部分文化（避难所地区）的过程中，应特别注意传统的出行方式和山区的资源基础所发挥的作用。