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Human migrations and population structure: what we know and why it matters.
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2002-07-27 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.3.022502.103200
David B Goldstein 1 , Lounès Chikhi
Affiliation  

The increasingly obvious medical relevance of human genetic variation is fueling the development of a rich interface between medical genetics and the study of human genetic history. A key feature of this interface is a step increase in the size and diversity of genetic data sets, permitting a range of new questions to be addressed concerning our evolutionary history. Similarly, methodologies first developed to study genetic history are being tailored to address medical challenges, including mapping genes that influence diseases and variable drug reactions. In this paper we do not attempt a comprehensive review of human genetic history. Rather we briefly outline some of the complications and challenges in the study of human genetic history, drawing particular attention to new opportunities created by the explosive growth in genetic information and technologies. First we discuss the complexity of human migration and demographic history, taking both a genetic and archaeological perspective. Then we show how these apparently academic issues are becoming increasingly important in medical genetics, focusing on association studies, the common disease/common variant hypothesis, the evaluation of variable drug response, and inferences about gene function from patterns of genetic variation. Finally we describe some of the inferential approaches available for interpreting human genetic variation, focusing both on current limitations and future developments.

中文翻译:

人口迁移与人口结构:我们所知道的以及为何如此重要。

人类遗传变异在医学上的日益明显的相关性正推动着医学遗传学与人类遗传史研究之间丰富接口的发展。该接口的主要特征是遗传数据集的大小和多样性逐步增加,从而允许解决有关我们进化史的一系列新问题。同样,为研究医学史而专门开发的用于研究遗传病史的方法正在被定制,包括定位影响疾病和药物反应可变的基因。在本文中,我们不尝试全面回顾人类遗传史。相反,我们简要概述了人类遗传史研究中的一些复杂性和挑战,特别注意遗传信息和技术的爆炸性增长所创造的新机会。首先,我们从遗传和考古的角度讨论了人类迁徙和人口历史的复杂性。然后,我们将展示这些明显的学术问题如何在医学遗传学中变得越来越重要,重点放在关联研究,常见疾病/常见变异假说,可变药物反应的评估以及从遗传变异模式推断基因功能方面。最后,我们描述了一些可用于解释人类遗传变异的推论方法,重点是当前的局限性和未来的发展。从遗传学和考古学的角度来看。然后,我们将展示这些明显的学术问题如何在医学遗传学中变得越来越重要,重点放在关联研究,常见疾病/常见变异假说,可变药物反应的评估以及从遗传变异模式推断基因功能方面。最后,我们描述了一些可用于解释人类遗传变异的推论方法,重点是当前的局限性和未来的发展。从遗传学和考古学的角度来看。然后,我们将展示这些明显的学术问题如何在医学遗传学中变得越来越重要,重点放在关联研究,常见疾病/常见变异假说,可变药物反应的评估以及从遗传变异模式推断基因功能方面。最后,我们描述了一些可用于解释人类遗传变异的推论方法,重点是当前的局限性和未来的发展。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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