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An evaluation of the osmole gap as a screening test for toxic alcohol poisoning.
BMC Emergency Medicine ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2008-04-28 , DOI: 10.1186/1471-227x-8-5
Larry D Lynd 1 , Kathryn J Richardson , Roy A Purssell , Riyad B Abu-Laban , Jeffery R Brubacher , Katherine J Lepik , Marco L A Sivilotti
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The osmole gap is used routinely as a screening test for the presence of exogenous osmotically active substances, such as the toxic alcohols ethylene glycol and methanol, particularly when the ability to measure serum concentrations of the substances is not available. The objectives of this study were: 1) to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the osmole gap for screening for ethylene glycol and methanol exposure, and 2) to identify whether a recently proposed modification of the ethanol coefficient affects the diagnostic accuracy. METHODS Electronic laboratory records from two tertiary-care hospitals were searched to identify all patients for whom a serum ethylene glycol and methanol measurement was ordered between January 1, 1996 and March 31, 2002. Cases were eligible for analysis if serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and osmolality were measured simultaneously. Serum molarity was calculated using the Smithline and Gardner equation and ethanol coefficients of 1 and 1.25 mOsm/mM. The diagnostic accuracy of the osmole gap was evaluated for identifying patients with toxic alcohol levels above the recommended threshold for antidotal therapy and hemodialysis using receiver-operator characteristic curves, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-one patients were included in the analysis, 20 of whom had ethylene glycol or methanol serum concentrations above the threshold for antidotal therapy. The use of an ethanol coefficient of 1.25 mOsm/mM yielded higher specificities and positive predictive values, without affecting sensitivity and negative predictive values. Employing an osmole gap threshold of 10 for the identification of patients requiring antidotal therapy resulted in a sensitivity of 0.9 and 0.85, and a specificity of 0.22 and 0. 5, with equations 1 and 2 respectively. The sensitivity increased to 1 for both equations for the identification of patients requiring dialysis. CONCLUSION In this sample, an osmole gap threshold of 10 has a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 1 for identifying patients for whom hemodialysis is recommended, independent of the ethanol coefficient applied. In patients potentially requiring antidotal therapy, applying an ethanol coefficient of 1.25 resulted in a higher specificity and positive predictive value without compromising the sensitivity.

中文翻译:

渗透压间隙评估作为有毒酒精中毒的筛选试验。

背景渗透压间隙通常用作外源性渗透活性物质(例如有毒醇乙二醇和甲醇)存在的筛选试验,特别是当无法测量这些物质的血清浓度时。本研究的目的是:1) 测量用于筛查乙二醇和甲醇暴露的渗透压间隙的诊断准确性,以及 2) 确定最近提出的乙醇系数修改是否会影响诊断准确性。方法 检索两家三级医院的电子化验室记录,确定 1996 年 1 月 1 日至 2002 年 3 月 31 日期间要求进行血清乙二醇和甲醇检测的所有患者。 , 葡萄糖, 同时测量乙醇、乙二醇、甲醇和渗透压。使用 Smithline 和 Gardner 方程以及 1 和 1.25 mOsm/mM 的乙醇系数计算血清摩尔浓度。使用接受者-操作者特征曲线、似然比以及阳性和阴性预测值,评估渗透压间隙的诊断准确性,以识别有毒酒精水平高于解毒剂治疗和血液透析推荐阈值的患者。结果 131 名患者被纳入分析,其中 20 名的乙二醇或甲醇血清浓度高于解毒治疗的阈值。使用 1.25 mOsm/mM 的乙醇系数可产生更高的特异性和阳性预测值,而不会影响灵敏度和阴性预测值。采用 10 的渗透压间隙阈值来识别需要解毒治疗的患者,敏感性为 0.9 和 0.85,特异性为 0.22 和 0. 5,分别为方程 1 和 2。对于识别需要透析的患者,这两个方程的灵敏度都增加到 1。结论 在该样本中,渗透压间隙阈值为 10 的敏感性和阴性预测值为 1,用于识别推荐进行血液透析的患者,与应用的乙醇系数无关。在可能需要解毒治疗的患者中,应用 1.25 的乙醇系数可在不影响敏感性的情况下获得更高的特异性和阳性预测值。9 和 0.85,以及 0.22 和 0. 5 的特异性,分别与方程 1 和 2。对于识别需要透析的患者,这两个方程的灵敏度都增加到 1。结论 在该样本中,渗透压间隙阈值为 10 的敏感性和阴性预测值为 1,用于识别推荐进行血液透析的患者,与应用的乙醇系数无关。在可能需要解毒治疗的患者中,应用 1.25 的乙醇系数可在不影响敏感性的情况下获得更高的特异性和阳性预测值。9 和 0.85,以及 0.22 和 0. 5 的特异性,分别与方程 1 和 2。对于识别需要透析的患者,这两个方程的灵敏度都增加到 1。结论 在该样本中,渗透压间隙阈值为 10 的敏感性和阴性预测值为 1,用于识别推荐进行血液透析的患者,与应用的乙醇系数无关。在可能需要解毒治疗的患者中,应用 1.25 的乙醇系数可在不影响敏感性的情况下获得更高的特异性和阳性预测值。渗透压间隙阈值为 10 的敏感性和阴性预测值为 1,用于识别推荐进行血液透析的患者,与应用的乙醇系数无关。在可能需要解毒治疗的患者中,应用 1.25 的乙醇系数可在不影响敏感性的情况下获得更高的特异性和阳性预测值。渗透压间隙阈值为 10 的敏感性和阴性预测值为 1,用于识别推荐进行血液透析的患者,与应用的乙醇系数无关。在可能需要解毒治疗的患者中,应用 1.25 的乙醇系数可在不影响敏感性的情况下获得更高的特异性和阳性预测值。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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