Vision restoration through retinal, optic nerve, and cortical implants is no longer just the stuff of fantasy. The design and development of visual prostheses rapidly move from the engineering phase toward preclinical and clinical trials, yet the benchmarks to determine their efficacy in blind research subjects have received very little attention, and likewise the selection criteria and preparation of early recipients of these devices. This article examines the aspects of vision for which prostheses may be of help, the selection of early prosthesis wearers, and the pre- and postimplant evaluations required to assess safety and efficacy. I concentrate on the functional assessment, and particularly on psychophysical methodology, but also address other measures of safety and efficacy, as well as approaches to vision rehabilitation with visual prostheses. Finally, I speculate what roles the first few generations of visual prostheses may play, and emphasize the importance of using simulations to support the development and rehabilitation process.

中文翻译：

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视觉假体的心理物理评估。

通过视网膜、视神经和皮质植入物恢复视力不再只是幻想。视觉假体的设计和开发迅速从工程阶段转向临床前和临床试验，但在盲人研究对象中确定其功效的基准很少受​​到关注，同样，这些设备的早期接受者的选择标准和准备工作也很少受到关注。本文探讨了假肢可能对视力有帮助的各个方面、早期假肢佩戴者的选择以及评估安全性和有效性所需的植入前和植入后评估。我专注于功能评估，特别是心理物理学方法，但也涉及其他安全性和有效性措施，以及使用视觉假体进行视力康复的方法。最后，我推测前几代视觉假肢可能扮演什么角色，并强调使用模拟来支持开发和康复过程的重要性。