The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was initiated in 1992 as a major disease-prevention research program among postmenopausal women. The program includes a randomized controlled intervention trial involving 68,132 women and four distinct interventions: conjugated equine estrogens, alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate, for coronary heart disease prevention with breast cancer as an anticipated adverse effect; a low-fat eating pattern for breast and colorectal cancer prevention; and calcium and vitamin D supplementation for hip fracture prevention. Results from this multifaceted trial have made a substantial impact in clinical practice. A companion cohort study among 93,676 women serves as a source for new risk factor information and provides a comparative observational assessment of the clinical trial interventions. A specimen repository and quality-controlled outcome data for a range of diseases are among the resources that support the ongoing research program. WHI clinical trial contributions and challenges are reviewed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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妇女健康倡议：经验教训。

妇女健康倡议（WHI）于1992年启动，是绝经后妇女中一项主要的疾病预防研究计划。该计划包括一项随机对照干预试验，涉及68,132名妇女和四种不同的干预措施：缀合马雌激素，单独或与醋酸甲羟孕酮联用，用于预防冠心病并预防乳腺癌；预防乳腺癌和大肠癌的低脂饮食模式；以及钙和维生素D补充剂可预防髋部骨折。该多方面试验的结果对临床实践产生了重大影响。在93676名妇女中进行的一项队列研究是获得新的危险因素信息的来源，并提供了对临床试验干预措施的比较观察评估。支持正在进行的研究计划的资源包括标本库和一系列疾病的质量控制结果数据。对WHI临床试验的贡献和挑战进行了审查和讨论。