In the SIMPLE model (Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learning), performance on memory tasks is determined by the locations of items in multidimensional space, and better performance is associated with having fewer close neighbors. Unlike most previous simulations with SIMPLE, the ones reported here used measured, rather than assumed, dimensional values. The data to be modeled come from an experiment in which younger and older adults recalled lists of acoustically confusable and non-confusable items. A multidimensional scaling solution based on the memory confusions was obtained. SIMPLE accounted for the overall difference in performance both between the two age groups and, within each age group, the overall difference between acoustically confusable and non-confusable items in terms of the MDS coordinates. Moreover, the model accounted for the serial position functions and error gradients. Finally, the generality of the model's account was examined by fitting data from an already published study. The data and the modeling support the hypothesis that older adults' memory may be worse, in part, because of altered representations due to age-related auditory perceptual deficits.

中文翻译：

---

使用 SIMPLE 模拟即时记忆中与年龄相关的差异

在 SIMPLE 模型（Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learning）中，记忆任务的性能由项目在多维空间中的位置决定，更好的性能与更少的近邻相关联。与之前使用 SIMPLE 进行的大多数模拟不同，此处报告的模拟使用的是测量的而非假设的尺寸值。要建模的数据来自一项实验，其中年轻人和老年人回忆声学上可混淆和不可混淆的项目列表。获得了基于内存混淆的多维缩放解决方案。SIMPLE 解释了两个年龄组之间的总体性能差异，以及在每个年龄组内，根据 MDS 坐标，声学易混淆项和非易混淆项之间的总体差异。而且，该模型考虑了串行位置函数和误差梯度。最后，通过拟合来自已发表研究的数据来检查模型帐户的一般性。数据和模型支持老年人的记忆力可能更差的假设，部分原因是与年龄相关的听觉感知缺陷导致的表征改变。