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Infectious Disease: Connecting Innate Immunity to Biocidal Polymers.
Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports ( IF 31.0 ) Pub Date : 2007-12-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2007.03.002
Gregory J Gabriel 1 , Abhigyan Som , Ahmad E Madkour , Tarik Eren , Gregory N Tew
Affiliation  

Infectious disease is a critically important global healthcare issue. In the U.S. alone there are 2 million new cases of hospital-acquired infections annually leading to 90,000 deaths and 5 billion dollars of added healthcare costs. Couple these numbers with the appearance of new antibiotic resistant bacterial strains and the increasing occurrences of community-type outbreaks, and clearly this is an important problem. Our review attempts to bridge the research areas of natural host defense peptides (HDPs), a component of the innate immune system, and biocidal cationic polymers. Recently discovered peptidomimetics and other synthetic mimics of HDPs, that can be short oligomers as well as polymeric macromolecules, provide a unique link between these two areas. An emerging class of these mimics are the facially amphiphilic polymers that aim to emulate the physicochemical properties of HDPs but take advantage of the synthetic ease of polymers. These mimics have been designed with antimicrobial activity and, importantly, selectivity that rivals natural HDPs. In addition to providing some perspective on HDPs, selective mimics, and biocidal polymers, focus is given to the arsenal of biophysical techniques available to study their mode of action and interactions with phospholipid membranes. The issue of lipid type is highlighted and the important role of negative curvature lipids is illustrated. Finally, materials applications (for instance, in the development of permanently antibacterial surfaces) are discussed as this is an important part of controlling the spread of infectious disease.

中文翻译:

传染病:将先天免疫力与杀菌聚合物联系起来。

传染病是至关重要的全球医疗保健问题。仅在美国,每年就有200万新的医院获得性感染病例,导致90,000例死亡和50亿美元的额外医疗费用。将这些数字与新的抗生素抗性细菌菌株的出现以及社区型爆发的发生率增加联系起来,显然这是一个重要的问题。我们的综述试图将天然宿主防御肽(HDP)(先天免疫系统的组成部分)和杀生物阳离子聚合物的研究领域联系起来。HDPs的最新拟肽模拟物和其他合成模拟物可能是短寡聚物,也可能是聚合大分子,在这两个区域之间提供了独特的联系。这些模拟物的新兴类别是表面两亲性聚合物,其目的是模仿HDP的物理化学性质,但要利用聚合物的合成简便性。这些模拟物的设计具有抗菌活性,重要的是具有与天然HDP相当的选择性。除了提供有关HDP,选择性模拟物和杀生物聚合物的一些见解之外,还将重点介绍可用于研究其作用方式以及与磷脂膜相互作用的生物物理技术的武库。突出了脂质类型的问题,并阐明了负曲率脂质的重要作用。最后,讨论了材料应用(例如,在开发永久性抗菌表面方面),因为这是控制传染病传播的重要组成部分。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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