The perceptual loop theory of speech monitoring (Levelt, 1983) claims that inner and overt speech are monitored by the comprehension system, which detects errors by comparing the comprehension of formulated utterances to originally intended utterances. To test the perceptual loop monitor, speakers named pictures and sometimes attempted to halt speech in response to auditory (Experiments 1 and 3) or visual (Experiments 2, 4, and 5) words that differed from the picture name. These stop-signal words were varied in terms of their semantic or phonological similarity to the intended word. The ability to halt word production was sensitive to phonological similarity and, in Experiment 5, to emotional valence, but not to semantic similarity. These results suggest that the perceptual loop detects errors by making comparisons at a level where phonological knowledge is represented. These data also imply that dialogue, back channeling, and other areas where speech production is affected by simultaneous comprehension may operate based on phonological comparisons.

中文翻译：

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单字停顿：语音监控知觉循环理论检验☆

语音监控的知觉循环理论 (Levelt, 1983) 声称内在和外在语音由理解系统监控，该系统通过将表达的话语的理解与最初预期的话语进行比较来检测错误。为了测试知觉回路监视器，说话者命名图片，有时试图停止说话以响应与图片名称不同的听觉（实验 1 和 3）或视觉（实验 2、4 和 5）单词。这些停止信号词在与预期词的语义或语音相似性方面各不相同。停止单词产生的能力对语音相似性很敏感，在实验 5 中，对情感效价敏感，但对语义相似性不敏感。这些结果表明，感知循环通过在表示语音知识的水平上进行比较来检测错误。这些数据还意味着对话、反向通道和其他语音产生受同时理解影响的领域可能基于语音比较进行操作。