Although fruit fly host status determination/designation lies at the heart of strategic decisions on national and international trade of fruit and vegetables, all attempts thus far to define host plant status have been contentious and as a result long-standing disputes between commercial partners throughout the world have lingered over decades. Part of the problem is that too little effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in host plant use by fruit flies and that instead economic and political interests usually prevail. Here we review the most important evolutionary, biological, ecological, physiological, and behavioral aspects that drive host use by fruit flies, and then construct a flow diagram rooted in these fundamentals that outlines a series of steps and definitions to determine if a particular fruit or vegetable (and cultivars thereof) is a natural host, or a conditional (potential, artificial) host, or a nonhost. Along the way, we incorporate risk analysis considerations and propose that the underlying complexity determining host plant utilization by fruit flies requires a flexible systems approach capable of realistically dealing with fly/host/environment/geographic variability on a case-by-case basis.

中文翻译：

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果蝇（双翅目：天蛾科）寄主状态的确定：重要的概念，方法和法规上的考虑。

尽管果蝇寄主地位的确定/指定是国内和国际水果和蔬菜贸易战略决策的核心，但迄今为止，所有试图确定寄主植物地位的尝试都是有争议的，结果整个商业伙伴之间长期存在争议。世界徘徊了数十年。问题的部分原因在于，花很少的精力来了解果蝇使用寄主植物所涉及的潜在机制，而通常以经济和政治利益为主导。在这里，我们回顾了最重要的进化，生物学，生态，生理和行为方面，这些方面促使果蝇利用宿主，然后构建一个基于这些基本原理的流程图，该流程图概述了确定特定水果或蔬菜（及其栽培品种）是天然宿主还是有条件的（潜在的，人工的）宿主或非宿主的一系列步骤和定义。在此过程中，我们结合了风险分析考虑因素，并提出了确定果蝇对宿主植物利用的潜在复杂性需要一种灵活的系统方法，该方法能够根据具体情况实际处理果蝇/宿主/环境/地理变异。