The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-1 infection has sparked interest in mechanisms by which the virus can persist despite effectively suppressive therapy. Latent HIV-1 reservoirs established early during infection not only prevent sterilizing immunity but also represent a major obstacle to virus eradication. When HIV-1 gains a foothold in the immunologic memory or in certain inaccessible compartments of the human body, it cannot be easily purged by HAART and is able to replenish systemic infection on treatment interruption. Because latently infected cells are indistinguishable from uninfected cells, deliberate activation of latent infection combined with intensified HAART seems to be the best strategy to combat latent infection. Initial hypothesis-driven clinical trials did not achieve their ultimate goal, although they provided valuable insight for the design of future eradication protocols. A more detailed understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the establishment and long-term maintenance of HIV-1 reservoirs will be critical in developing new eradication approaches.

中文翻译：

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捉迷藏：HIV-1感染中病毒持久性的挑战。

针对HIV-1感染的高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的成功引发了人们对尽管有效抑制疗法仍能使病毒持续存在的机制的兴趣。在感染早期就建立的潜在HIV-1储存库不仅阻止了无菌免疫力，而且也成为根除病毒的主要障碍。当HIV-1在免疫记忆或人体某些无法进入的隔室中立足时，它就无法通过HAART轻松清除，并且能够在治疗中断后补充全身性感染。由于潜伏感染的细胞与未感染的细胞是无法区分的，因此潜伏感染的故意激活与强化HAART的结合似乎是对抗潜伏感染的最佳策略。最初的假设驱动的临床试验并未达到最终目的，尽管它们为将来的根除协议的设计提供了宝贵的见识。对HIV-1水库的建立和长期维护的基本机制的更详细的了解对于开发新的根除方法至关重要。