Because of their selectivity and safety, microbial control agents (MCAs) appear to be ready-made components of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that do not pose a threat to applicators or the environment and allow other natural enemies to function. Control of several orchard pest insects using MCAs, including viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), have been demonstrated in apple, pear, stone fruits, citrus, and several nut crops. B. thuringiensis is the most used MCA for control of lepidopteran orchard pests. Significant use of EPNs in citrus for control of root weevils is also reported. The granulovirus of codling moth is used increasingly in apple and pear by organic growers, with interest also shown by conventional growers. Although some success has been achieved, in most orchard systems MCAs account for a relatively small proportion of the pest control tactics employed, and in some systems they are not used at all. Research toward improving MCA efficacy and economic competitiveness is required to enhance the role of MCAs in IPM.

中文翻译：

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温带果园系统中害虫的微生物控制：纳入IPM的潜力。

由于它们的选择性和安全性，微生物控制剂（MCA）似乎是病虫害综合治理（IPM）系统的现成组件，不会对施药者或环境造成威胁，也不会让其他天敌起作用。在苹果，梨，核果，柑桔和几种坚果类作物中，已经证明了使用MCA防治几种果园害虫的方法，包括病毒，苏云金芽孢杆菌，真菌和致病性线虫（EPN）。苏云金芽孢杆菌是控制鳞翅目果园害虫最常用的MCA。也有报道称柑橘中EPNs大量用于控制根象鼻虫。苹果和梨越来越多地被有机种植者使用苹果d蛾的颗粒病毒，传统种植者也表现出了兴趣。尽管已经取得了一些成功，在大多数果园系统中，MCA在所采用的害虫控制策略中所占的比例相对较小，在某些系统中，根本不使用它们。为了增强MCA在IPM中的作用，需要进行有关提高MCA效力和经济竞争力的研究。