The most noticeable morphological feature of the cerebellum is its folded appearance, whereby fissures separate its anterior-posterior extent into lobules. Each lobule is molecularly coded along the medial-lateral axis by parasagittal stripes of gene expression in one cell type, the Purkinje cells (PCs). Additionally, within each lobule distinct combinations of afferents terminate and supply the cerebellum with synchronized sensory and motor information. Strikingly, afferent terminal fields are organized into parasagittal domains, and this pattern bears a close relationship to PC molecular coding. Thus, cerebellum three-dimensional complexity obeys a basic coordinate system that can be broken down into morphology and molecular coding. In this review, we summarize the sequential stages of cerebellum development that produce its laminar structure, foliation, and molecular organization. We also introduce genes that regulate morphology and molecular coding, and discuss the establishment of topographical circuits within the context of the two coordinate systems. Finally, we discuss how abnormal cerebellar organization may result in neurological disorders like autism.

中文翻译：

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形态，分子代码和电路产生了小脑的三维复杂性。

小脑最明显的形态学特征是其折叠的外观，由此裂痕将其前后范围分成小叶。在一种细胞类型即浦肯野细胞（Purkinje cell，PCs）中，每个小叶均由基因表达的矢状旁条纹沿中外侧轴分子编码。另外，在每个小叶中，传入的不同组合终止并向小脑提供同步的感觉和运动信息。引人注目的是，传入末端域被组织成矢状旁域，并且这种模式与PC分子编码密切相关。因此，小脑三维复杂度遵循一个基本的坐标系，可以将其分解为形态学和分子编码。在这篇评论中，我们总结了产生小脑层状结构的小脑发育的顺序阶段，叶和分子组织。我们还介绍了调节形态和分子编码的基因，并讨论了在两个坐标系内的地形电路的建立。最后，我们讨论异常的小脑组织可能如何导致自闭症等神经系统疾病。