This review summarizes information regarding how human energy metabolism is affected by pregnancy, and current estimates of energy requirements during pregnancy are presented. Such estimates can be calculated using either increases in basal metabolic rate (BMR) or increases in total energy expenditure (TEE). The two modes of calculation give similar results for a complete pregnancy but different distributions of energy requirements in the three trimesters. Recent information is presented regarding the effect of pregnancy on BMR, TEE, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. The validity of energy intake (EI) data recently assessed in well-nourished pregnant women was evaluated using information regarding energy metabolism during pregnancy. The results show that underreporting of EI is common during pregnancy and indicate that additional longitudinal studies, taking the total energy budget during pregnancy into account, are needed to satisfactorily define energy requirements during the three trimesters of gestation.

中文翻译：

---

人类怀孕期间的能量代谢。

这篇综述总结了有关怀孕如何影响人体能量代谢的信息，并给出了怀孕期间能量需求的当前估计值。可以使用基础代谢率（BMR）的增加或总能量消耗（TEE）的增加来计算此类估算。两种计算模式得出的结果完全相同，但三个月的能量需求分布不同。提供了有关妊娠对BMR，TEE，饮食引起的生热和体育锻炼的影响的最新信息。使用有关怀孕期间能量代谢的信息，评估了营养良好的孕妇最近评估的能量摄入（EI）数据的有效性。