In the past several years, tremendous progress has been achieved with the discovery and characterization of vertebrate taste receptors from the T1R and T2R families, which are involved in recognition of bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli. Individual differences in taste, at least in some cases, can be attributed to allelic variants of the T1R and T2R genes. Progress with understanding how T1R and T2R receptors interact with taste stimuli and with identifying their patterns of expression in taste cells sheds light on coding of taste information by the nervous system. Candidate mechanisms for detection of salts, acids, fat, complex carbohydrates, and water have also been proposed, but further studies are needed to prove their identity.

中文翻译：

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味觉受体基因。

在过去的几年中，通过发现和鉴定来自T1R和T2R家族的脊椎动物味觉受体，已经取得了巨大的进步，这些受体参与了苦味，甜味和鲜味味觉刺激的识别。至少在某些情况下，味道的个体差异可归因于T1R和T2R基因的等位基因变异。了解T1R和T2R受体如何与味觉刺激相互作用以及鉴定其在味觉细胞中的表达方式的进展为神经系统对味觉信息的编码提供了启示。还提出了检测盐，酸，脂肪，复杂碳水化合物和水的候选机制，但需要进一步研究以证明其身份。