Over the past decade, since it was first observed in vivo, there has been an explosion in interest in the thin (approximately 500 nm), gel-like endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) that coats the luminal surface of blood vessels. In this review, we examine the mechanical and biochemical properties of the EGL and the latest studies on the interactions of this layer with red and white blood cells. This includes its deformation owing to fluid shear stress, its penetration by leukocyte microvilli, and its restorative response after the passage of a white cell in a tightly fitting capillary. We also examine recently discovered functions of the EGL in modulating the oncotic forces that regulate the exchange of water in microvessels and the role of the EGL in transducing fluid shear stress into the intracellular cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, in the initiation of intracellular signaling, and in the inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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内皮糖萼层的结构和功能。

在过去的十年中，自首次在体内观察到以来，覆盖血管腔表面的凝胶状内皮糖萼薄层（约500 nm）引起了人们的关注。在这篇综述中，我们研究了EGL的机械和生化特性，以及该层与红细胞和白细胞相互作用的最新研究。这包括由于流体剪切应力而引起的变形，白细胞微绒毛的渗透以及在紧密配合的毛细管中白细胞通过后的修复反应。我们还检查了最近发现的EGL在调节调节微血管中水交换的溶胀力的功能以及EGL在将流体剪切应力转换为内皮细胞的细胞骨架中的作用，