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Spot the match - wildlife photo-identification using information theory.
Frontiers in Zoology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2007-01-18 , DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-4-2
Conrad W Speed 1 , Mark G Meekan , Corey J A Bradshaw
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Effective approaches for the management and conservation of wildlife populations require a sound knowledge of population demographics, and this is often only possible through mark-recapture studies. We applied an automated spot-recognition program (I3S) for matching natural markings of wildlife that is based on a novel information-theoretic approach to incorporate matching uncertainty. Using a photo-identification database of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) as an example case, the information criterion (IC) algorithm we developed resulted in a parsimonious ranking of potential matches of individuals in an image library. Automated matches were compared to manual-matching results to test the performance of the software and algorithm. RESULTS Validation of matched and non-matched images provided a threshold IC weight (approximately 0.2) below which match certainty was not assured. Most images tested were assigned correctly; however, scores for the by-eye comparison were lower than expected, possibly due to the low sample size. The effect of increasing horizontal angle of sharks in images reduced matching likelihood considerably. There was a negative linear relationship between the number of matching spot pairs and matching score, but this relationship disappeared when using the IC algorithm. CONCLUSION The software and use of easily applied information-theoretic scores of match parsimony provide a reliable and freely available method for individual identification of wildlife, with wide applications and the potential to improve mark-recapture studies without resorting to invasive marking techniques.

中文翻译:

发现比赛-利用信息论对野生动物进行照片识别。

背景技术用于管理和保护野生动植物种群的有效方法需要对种群人口统计资料有充分的了解,而这通常只能通过标记夺回研究来实现。我们应用了一种自动化的斑点识别程序(I3S)来匹配野生生物的自然标记,该程序基于一种新颖的信息理论方法,以纳入匹配不确定性。以鲸鲨(Rhincodon typus)的照片识别数据库为例,我们开发的信息标准(IC)算法导致图像库中个体潜在匹配的近似排名。将自动匹配与手动匹配结果进行比较,以测试软件和算法的性能。结果匹配和不匹配图像的验证提供了阈值IC权重(大约为0)。2)不能确保低于此确定性。测试的大多数图像均已正确分配;但是,通过眼睛比较的得分低于预期,这可能是由于样本量较小。图像中鲨鱼水平角的增加会大大降低匹配可能性。匹配点对的数量和匹配分数之间存在负线性关系,但是当使用IC算法时,这种关系消失了。结论该软件和简单匹配的信息理论分数的使用提供了一种可靠且免费的个人识别野生动植物的方法,具有广泛的应用前景,并且有可能在不诉诸侵入式标记技术的情况下改善标记回收研究。测试的大多数图像均已正确分配;但是,通过眼睛比较的得分低于预期,这可能是由于样本量较小。图像中鲨鱼水平角的增加会大大降低匹配可能性。匹配点对的数量和匹配分数之间存在负线性关系,但是当使用IC算法时,这种关系消失了。结论该软件和简单匹配的信息理论分数的使用提供了一种可靠且免费的个人识别野生动植物的方法,具有广泛的应用前景,并且有可能在不诉诸侵入式标记技术的情况下改善标记回收研究。大多数测试图像均已正确分配;但是,通过眼睛比较的得分低于预期,这可能是由于样本量较小。图像中鲨鱼水平角的增加会大大降低匹配可能性。匹配点对的数量和匹配分数之间存在负线性关系,但是当使用IC算法时,这种关系消失了。结论该软件和简单匹配的信息理论分数的使用提供了一种可靠且免费的个人识别野生动植物的方法,具有广泛的应用前景,并且有可能在不诉诸侵入式标记技术的情况下改善标记回收研究。图像中鲨鱼水平角的增加会大大降低匹配可能性。匹配点对的数量和匹配分数之间存在负线性关系,但是当使用IC算法时,这种关系消失了。结论该软件和简单匹配的信息理论分数的使用提供了一种可靠且免费的个人识别野生动植物的方法,具有广泛的应用前景,并且有可能在不诉诸侵入式标记技术的情况下改善标记回收研究。图像中鲨鱼水平角的增加会大大降低匹配可能性。匹配点对的数量和匹配分数之间存在负线性关系,但是当使用IC算法时,这种关系消失了。结论该软件和简单匹配的信息理论分数的使用提供了一种可靠且免费的个人识别野生动植物的方法,具有广泛的应用前景,并且有可能在不诉诸侵入式标记技术的情况下改善标记回收研究。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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