Stomatal pores, each surrounded by a pair of guard cells, regulate CO2 uptake and water loss from leaves. Stomatal opening is driven by the accumulation of K+ salts and sugars in guard cells, which is mediated by electrogenic proton pumps in the plasma membrane and/or metabolic activity. Opening responses are achieved by coordination of light signaling, light-energy conversion, membrane ion transport, and metabolic activity in guard cells. In this review, we focus on recent progress in blue- and red-light-dependent stomatal opening. Because the blue-light response of stomata appears to be strongly affected by red light, we discuss underlying mechanisms in the interaction between blue-light signaling and guard cell chloroplasts.

中文翻译：

---

气孔运动的光调节

每个气孔都被一对保卫细胞包围，调节二氧化碳的吸收和叶片的水分流失。气孔开放是由保卫细胞中 K+ 盐和糖的积累驱动的，这是由质膜中的生电质子泵和/或代谢活动介导的。开放反应是通过协调光信号、光能转换、膜离子转运和保卫细胞中的代谢活动来实现的。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注依赖蓝光和红光的气孔开放的最新进展。因为气孔的蓝光反应似乎受红光的强烈影响，我们讨论蓝光信号和保卫细胞叶绿体之间相互作用的潜在机制。