Stomata are cellular epidermal valves in plants central to gas exchange and biosphere productivity. The pathways controlling their formation are best understood for Arabidopsis thaliana where stomata are produced through a series of divisions in a dispersed stem cell compartment. The stomatal pathway is an accessible system for analyzing core developmental processes including position-dependent patterning via intercellular signaling and the regulation of the balance between proliferation and cell specification. This review synthesizes what is known about the mechanisms and genes underlying stomatal development. We contrast the functions of genes that act earlier in the pathway, including receptors, kinases, and proteases, with those that act later in the cell lineage. In addition, we discuss the relationships between environmental signals, stomatal development genes, and the capacity for controlling shoot gas exchange.

中文翻译：

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气孔发育

气孔是植物中对气体交换和生物圈生产力至关重要的细胞表皮瓣膜。控制它们形成的途径在拟南芥中得到最好的理解，其中气孔是通过分散的干细胞隔室中的一系列分裂产生的。气孔通路是一个可访问的系统，用于分析核心发育过程，包括通过细胞间信号传导的位置依赖性模式以及增殖和细胞规格之间平衡的调节。本综述综合了有关气孔发育的机制和基因的已知信息。我们将在通路中较早起作用的基因（包括受体、激酶和蛋白酶）的功能与在细胞谱系中较晚起作用的基因进行对比。此外，我们讨论了环境信号之间的关系，