The root system is fundamentally important for plant growth and survival because of its role in water and nutrient uptake. Therefore, plants rely on modulation of root system architecture (RSA) to respond to a changing soil environment. Although RSA is a highly plastic trait and varies both between and among species, the basic root system morphology and its plasticity are controlled by inherent genetic factors. These mediate the modification of RSA, mostly at the level of root branching, in response to a suite of biotic and abiotic factors. Recent progress in the understanding of the molecular basis of these responses suggests that they largely feed through hormone homeostasis and signaling pathways. Novel factors implicated in the regulation of RSA in response to the myriad endogenous and exogenous signals are also increasingly isolated through alternative approaches such as quantitative trait locus analysis.

中文翻译：

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隐藏分支：根系统架构的发展

由于根系在水分和养分吸收方面的作用，根系对植物的生长和生存至关重要。因此，植物依靠根系结构 (RSA) 的调制来响应不断变化的土壤环境。尽管 RSA 是一种高度可塑性的性状，并且在物种之间和物种之间有所不同，但基本的根系形态及其可塑性受固有遗传因素的控制。这些介导了 RSA 的修饰，主要是在根分枝水平，以响应一系列生物和非生物因素。对这些反应的分子基础的理解的最新进展表明，它们主要是通过激素稳态和信号通路提供的。