Until the 1980s theories of social insect evolution drew strongly on halictine and allodapine bees. However, that early work suffered from a lack of sound phylogenetic inference and detailed information on social behavior in many critical taxa. Recent studies have changed our understanding of these bee groups in profound ways. It has become apparent that forms of social organization, caste determination, and sex allocation are more labile and complex than previously thought, although the terminologies for describing them are still inadequate. Furthermore, the unexpected complexity means that many key parameters in kin selection and reproductive skew models remain unquantified, and addressing this lack of information will be formidable. At the same time, phylogenetic questions have become more tractable, and DNA sequence-based studies have resolved questions that earlier studies could not resolve, radically changing our understanding of the number of origins and losses of sociality in these bees.

中文翻译：

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昆虫社会进化中不断变化的范例：金丝雀和阿洛达平蜂的见解。

直到1980年代，社会昆虫进化的理论一直大量依赖于金盏花和阿洛达平蜂。但是，该早期工作缺乏合理的系统发育推断，并且缺乏许多重要分类单元中有关社会行为的详细信息。最近的研究深刻地改变了我们对这些蜂群的理解。显然，社会组织，种姓确定和性别分配的形式比以前认为的更加不稳定和复杂，尽管描述它们的术语仍然不足。此外，意料之外的复杂性意味着亲属选择和生殖偏斜模型中的许多关键参数仍未量化，解决这种信息不足将是艰巨的。同时，系统发育问题变得更加容易理解，