Since its inception in the 1960s, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) evolved as one of the most common, best documented, and most effective of all major surgical treatments for ischemic heart disease. Despite its widespread use, however, the outcome is not always completely satisfactory. The objective of this review is to highlight the physical determinants of biomechanical design of CABG so that future procedures would have prolonged patency and better outcome. Our central axiom postulates the existence of a mechanical homeostatic state of the blood vessel, i.e., the variation in vessel wall stresses and strains are relatively small under physiological conditions. Any perturbation of mechanical homeostasis leads to growth and remodeling. In this sense, stenosis and failure of a graft may be viewed as an adaptation process gone awry. We outline the principles of engineering design and discuss the biofluid and biosolid mechanics principles that may have the greatest bearing on mechanical homeostasis and the long-term outcome of CABG.

中文翻译：

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移植物设计中的生物力学考虑：稳态假设。

自1960年代问世以来，冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）演变为缺血性心脏病所有主要外科手术治疗中最常见，记录最充分，最有效的方法之一。尽管已被广泛使用，但结果并不总是完全令人满意。这篇综述的目的是突出CABG生物力学设计的物理决定因素，以便将来的手术将延长通畅时间并改善预后。我们的中心公理假设存在血管的机械稳态，即在生理条件下，血管壁应力和应变的变化相对较小。机械稳态的任何扰动都会导致生长和重塑。从这个意义上讲，移植物的狭窄和衰竭可以看作是适应过程出错了。