Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly renewed. The cell populations that participate in this process--the osteoblasts and osteoclasts--are derived from different progenitor pools that are under distinct molecular control mechanisms. Together, these cells form temporary anatomical structures, called basic multicellular units, that execute bone remodeling. A number of stimuli affect bone turnover, including hormones, cytokines, and mechanical stimuli. All of these factors affect the amount and quality of the tissue produced. Mechanical loading is a particularly potent stimulus for bone cells, which improves bone strength and inhibits bone loss with age. Like other materials, bone accumulates damage from loading, but, unlike engineering materials, bone is capable of self-repair. The molecular mechanisms by which bone adapts to loading and repairs damage are starting to become clear. Many of these processes have implications for bone health, disease, and the feasibility of living in weightless environments (e.g., spaceflight).

中文翻译：

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骨骼重塑的生物力学和分子调控。

骨骼是不断更新的动态组织。参与此过程的细胞群-成骨细胞和破骨细胞-来自不同的祖细胞库，它们在不同的分子控制机制下。这些细胞一起形成临时的解剖结构，称为基本多细胞单元，该结构执行骨骼重塑。许多刺激会影响骨骼更新，包括激素，细胞因子和机械刺激。所有这些因素都会影响所产生的组织的数量和质量。机械负荷是对骨细胞特别有效的刺激，可提高骨强度并抑制随年龄增长的骨质流失。像其他材料一样，骨骼会因载荷而累积损坏，但与工程材料不同，骨骼能够自我修复。骨骼适应负荷和修复损伤的分子机制开始变得清晰。这些过程中的许多过程都会对骨骼健康，疾病以及在失重环境（例如太空飞行）中生活的可行性产生影响。