The microenvironment influences gene expression so that the behavior of a cell is largely determined by its interactions with the extracellular matrix, neighboring cells, and soluble local and systemic cues. We describe the essential roles of context and organ structure in directing mammary gland development and differentiated function and in determining the response to oncogenic insults, including mutations. We expand on the concept of "dynamic reciprocity" to present an integrated view of development, cancer, and aging and posit that genes are like the keys on a piano: Although they are essential, it is the context that makes the music.

中文翻译：

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细胞外基质，支架和信号传导：组织结构调节发育，体内平衡和癌症。

微环境影响基因表达，因此细胞的行为在很大程度上取决于其与细胞外基质，邻近细胞以及可溶性局部和全身线索的相互作用。我们描述了上下文和器官结构在指导乳腺发育和分化功能以及确定对致癌性侵害（包括突变）的反应中的重要作用。我们扩展了“动态互惠”的概念，以呈现发展，癌症和衰老的综合观点，并假设基因就像钢琴上的琴键一样：尽管它们是必不可少的，但正是背景造就了音乐。