Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for more than two decades to interrogate metabolite distributions in living cells and tissues. Techniques have been developed that allow multiple spectra to be obtained simultaneously with individual volume elements as small as 1 uL of tissue (i.e., 1 x 1 x 1 mm(3)). The most common modern applications of in vivo MRS use endogenous signals from (1)H, (31)P, or (23)Na. Important contributions have also been made using exogenous compounds containing (19)F, (13)C, or (17)O. MRS has been used to investigate cardiac and skeletal muscle energetics, neurobiology, and cancer. This review focuses on the latter applications, with specific reference to the measurement of tissue choline, which has proven to be a tumor biomarker that is significantly affected by anticancer therapies.

中文翻译：

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体内磁共振波谱学在癌症中的应用。

磁共振波谱（MRS）已经被使用了二十多年来询问活细胞和组织中代谢物的分布。已经开发了允许使用小至1 uL组织（即1 x 1 x 1 mm（3））的单个体积元素同时获得多个光谱的技术。体内MRS的最常见现代应用使用来自（1）H，（31）P或（23）Na的内源信号。使用含有（19）F，（13）C或（17）O的外源化合物也做出了重要贡献。MRS已用于研究心脏和骨骼肌的能量，神经生物学和癌症。本文主要针对后者的应用，特别是组织胆碱的测定，事实证明它是受抗癌治疗影响显着的肿瘤生物标志物。