Sleep deprivation has a complex set of neurological effects that go beyond a mere slowing of mental processes. While cognitive and perceptual impairments in sleep deprived individuals are widespread, some abilities remain intact. In an effort to characterize these effects, some have suggested an impairment of complex decision-making ability despite intact ability to follow simple rules. To examine this trade-off, 24-hour total sleep deprived individuals performed two versions of a resource acquisition foraging task, one in which exploration is optimal (to succeed, abandon low value, high saliency options) and another in which exploitation is optimal (to succeed, refrain from switching between options). Sleep deprived subjects exhibited decreased performance on the exploitation task compared to non-sleep deprived controls, yet both groups exhibited increased performance on the exploratory task. These results speak to previous neuropsychological work on cognitive control.

中文翻译：

---

24 小时睡眠剥夺对探索-利用权衡的影响

睡眠剥夺会产生一系列复杂的神经系统影响，而不仅仅是减缓心理过程。虽然睡眠不足的人普遍存在认知和知觉障碍，但某些能力仍然完好无损。为了描述这些影响的特征，一些人认为尽管遵循简单规则的能力完好无损，但复杂的决策能力却受到了损害。为了检验这种权衡，24 小时总睡眠不足的个体执行了两个版本的资源获取觅食任务，一个是最佳探索（为了成功，放弃低价值、高显着性选项），另一个是最佳利用（要成功，请不要在选项之间切换）。与非睡眠剥夺对照组相比，睡眠剥夺受试者在开发任务中表现出较低的表现，然而，两组在探索性任务中的表现都有所提高。这些结果说明了先前关于认知控制的神经心理学工作。