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A longitudinal follow-up of posttraumatic stress: from 9 months to 20 years after a major road traffic accident.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2011-03-11 , DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-5-8
Filip K Arnberg 1 , Per-Anders Rydelius , Tom Lundin
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Although road traffic accidents (RTA) are a major cause of injury and a cause of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in the aftermath, little is known about the long-term psychological effects of RTA. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study assessed long-term PTS, grief, and general mental health after a bus carrying 23 sixth-grade schoolchildren crashed on a school outing and 12 children died. Directly affected (i.e., children in the crash) and indirectly affected children (i.e., all pupils in the sixth grade who were not in the crash) were surveyed at 9 months (N = 102), 4 years (N = 51), and 20 years (N = 40) after the event. Psychological distress was assessed by single items, including sadness, avoidance, intrusions, and guilt. After 20 years, PTS was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. RESULTS Stress reactions were prevalent 9 months after the event, with sadness (69%) and avoidance (59%) being highly represented in both directly and indirectly affected groups, whereas, nightmares (60%) and feelings of guilt (50%) were only frequent in those directly affected. The frequency of sadness and avoidance decreased after 4 years in the indirectly exposed (ps < .05). After 20 years, the directly affected had a higher prevalence of PTS (p = .003), but not decreased general mental health (p = .14), than those indirectly affected. CONCLUSIONS The limitations preclude assertive conclusions. Nonetheless, the findings corroborate previous studies reporting traumatic events are associated with long-term PTS, but not with decreased general mental health.

中文翻译:

创伤后应激的纵向随访:重大道路交通事故后 9 个月至 20 年。

背景虽然道路交通事故 (RTA) 是造成伤害的主要原因,也是造成后果的创伤后应激 (PTS) 的原因,但人们对 RTA 的长期心理影响知之甚少。方法 这项前瞻性纵向研究评估了一辆载有 23 名六年级学童的公共汽车在一次学校郊游中坠毁并导致 12 名儿童死亡后的长期 PTS、悲伤和一般心理健康状况。在 9 个月 (N = 102)、4 岁 (N = 51) 和事件发生后 20 年 (N = 40)。心理困扰通过单个项目进行评估,包括悲伤、回避、侵入和内疚。20 年后,PTS 通过事件影响量表-修订版进行评估。结果 事件发生 9 个月后,压力反应普遍存在,悲伤 (69%) 和回避 (59%) 在直接和间接受影响的群体中都有很高的比例,而噩梦 (60%) 和内疚感 (50%)仅在直接受影响的人中频繁出现。间接暴露者的悲伤和回避频率在 4 年后下降(ps < .05)。20 年后,与间接受影响者相比,直接受影响者的 PTS 患病率更高 (p = .003),但总体心理健康并未下降 (p = .14)。结论 限制排除了断言的结论。尽管如此,这些发现证实了先前报告创伤性事件与长期 PTS 相关的研究,但与一般心理健康状况的下降无关。悲伤 (69%) 和回避 (59%) 在直接和间接受影响的群体中都有很高的比例,而噩梦 (60%) 和内疚感 (50%) 只在直接受影响的群体中频繁发生。间接暴露者的悲伤和回避频率在 4 年后下降(ps < .05)。20 年后,与间接受影响者相比,直接受影响者的 PTS 患病率更高 (p = .003),但总体心理健康并未下降 (p = .14)。结论 限制排除了断言的结论。尽管如此,这些发现证实了先前报告创伤性事件与长期 PTS 相关的研究,但与一般心理健康状况的下降无关。悲伤 (69%) 和回避 (59%) 在直接和间接受影响的群体中都有很高的比例,而噩梦 (60%) 和内疚感 (50%) 只在直接受影响的群体中频繁发生。间接暴露者的悲伤和回避频率在 4 年后下降(ps < .05)。20 年后,与间接受影响者相比,直接受影响者的 PTS 患病率更高 (p = .003),但总体心理健康并未下降 (p = .14)。结论 限制排除了断言的结论。尽管如此,这些发现证实了先前报告创伤性事件与长期 PTS 相关的研究,但与一般心理健康状况的下降无关。间接暴露者的悲伤和回避频率在 4 年后下降(ps < .05)。20 年后,与间接受影响者相比,直接受影响者的 PTS 患病率更高 (p = .003),但总体心理健康并未下降 (p = .14)。结论 限制排除了断言的结论。尽管如此,这些发现证实了先前报告创伤性事件与长期 PTS 相关的研究,但与一般心理健康状况的下降无关。间接暴露者的悲伤和回避频率在 4 年后下降(ps < .05)。20 年后,与间接受影响者相比,直接受影响者的 PTS 患病率更高 (p = .003),但总体心理健康并未下降 (p = .14)。结论 限制排除了断言的结论。尽管如此,这些发现证实了先前报告创伤性事件与长期 PTS 相关的研究,但与一般心理健康状况的下降无关。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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