RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is responsible for the synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) essential for protein synthesis and cell growth. Pol III is tightly controlled by growth signals such as nutrients and deregulation of Pol III-dependent transcription can lead to oncogenic transformation. In response to extracellular stimuli, the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates Pol III activity through Maf1, a key conserved Pol III repressor. Recent studies have unraveled intricate mechanisms by which Maf1 activity is controlled at multiple levels, including nuclear transport and phoshorylation at specific chromatin loci. These studies suggest an emerging mode of gene regulation by extracellular signals inside the nucleus.

中文翻译：

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Maf1 调控：细胞核内信号转导模型

RNA 聚合酶 III (Pol III) 负责合成对蛋白质合成和细胞生长至关重要的 5S 核糖体 RNA (rRNA) 和转移 RNA (tRNA)。Pol III 受营养物质等生长信号的严格控制，Pol III 依赖性转录的失调可导致致癌转化。为响应细胞外刺激，雷帕霉素复合物 1 (TORC1) 的靶标通过 Maf1（一种关键的保守 Pol III 阻遏物）调节 Pol III 活性。最近的研究揭示了在多个层面控制 Maf1 活性的复杂机制，包括特定染色质位点的核转运和磷酸化。这些研究表明，一种通过细胞核内细胞外信号进行基因调控的新兴模式。