Many accounts of working memory posit specialized storage mechanisms for the maintenance of serial order. We explore an alternative, that maintenance is achieved through temporary activation in the language production architecture. Four experiments examined the extent to which the phonological similarity effect can be explained as a sublexical speech error. Phonologically similar nonword stimuli were ordered to create tongue twister or control materials used in four tasks: reading aloud, immediate spoken recall, immediate typed recall, and serial recognition. Dependent measures from working memory (recall accuracy) and language production (speech errors) fields were used. Even though lists were identical except for item order, robust effects of tongue twisters were observed. Speech error analyses showed that errors were better described as phoneme rather than item ordering errors. The distribution of speech errors was comparable across all experiments and exhibited syllable-position effects, suggesting an important role for production processes. Implications for working memory and language production are discussed.

中文翻译：

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扭曲的舌头和记忆：语言产生与言语工作记忆之间关系的探索。

许多关于工作记忆的描述都提出了维护串行秩序的专门存储机制。我们探索了一种替代方案，即通过语言生产架构中的临时激活来实现维护。四个实验检查了语音相似性效应可以解释为亚词汇语音错误的程度。语音上相似的非单词刺激被命令创建绕口令或控制材料，用于四项任务：大声朗读、立即口语回忆、立即打字回忆和连续识别。使用了来自工作记忆（回忆准确性）和语言产生（语音错误）领域的相关测量。尽管除了项目顺序外，列表是相同的，但仍观察到绕口令的强大效果。语音错误分析表明，将错误描述为音素而不是项目排序错误更好。语音错误的分布在所有实验中都具有可比性，并表现出音节位置效应，表明在生产过程中起着重要作用。讨论了对工作记忆和语言产生的影响。