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DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF WEST NILE VIRUS ON CALIFORNIA BIRDS.
The Condor: Ornithological Applications ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2009-01-01 , DOI: 10.1525/cond.2009.080013
Sarah S Wheeler 1 , Christopher M Barker , Ying Fang , M Veronica Armijos , Brian D Carroll , Stan Husted , Wesley O Johnson , William K Reisen
Affiliation  

The strain of West Nile virus (WNV) currently epidemic in North America contains a genetic mutation elevating its virulence in birds, especially species in the family Corvidae. Although dead American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) have been the hallmark of the epidemic, the overall impact of WNV on North America's avifauna remains poorly understood and has not been addressed thoroughly in California. Here, we evaluate variation by species in the effect of WNV on California birds from 2004 to 2007 by using (1) seroprevalence in free-ranging birds, (2) percentage of carcasses of each species reported by the public that tested positive for WNV, (3) mortality determined from experimental infections, and (4) population declines detected by trend analysis of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Using Bayesian linear models, we extrapolate trends in BBS data from 1980-2003 (pre-WNV) to 2004-2007 (post-WNV). We attribute significant declines from expected abundance trends in areas supporting epiornitics to WNV transmission. We combine risk assessed from each of the four data sets to generate an overall score describing WNV risk by species. The susceptibility of California avifauna to WNV varies widely, with overall risk scores ranging from low for the refractory Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) through high for the susceptible American Crow. Other species at high risk include, in descending order, the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica), and Yellow-billed Magpie (Pica nuttalli). Our analyses emphasize the importance of multiple data sources in assessing the effect of an invading pathogen.

中文翻译:

西尼罗河病毒对加利福尼亚鸟类的不同影响。

目前在北美流行的西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 株含有一种基因突变,可提高其在鸟类中的毒力,尤其是鸦科物种。尽管死去的美国乌鸦 (Corvus brachyrhynchos) 是这种流行病的标志,但西尼罗河病毒对北美鸟类的整体影响仍然知之甚少,加利福尼亚也没有得到彻底解决。在这里,我们通过使用 (1) 自由放养鸟类的血清阳性率,(2) 公众报告的 WNV 检测呈阳性的每个物种的尸体百分比,评估了 2004 年至 2007 年 WNV 对加利福尼亚鸟类影响的物种差异, (3) 由实验感染确定的死亡率,以及 (4) 通过育种鸟类调查 (BBS) 数据的趋势分析检测到的种群下降。使用贝叶斯线性模型,我们推断 BBS 数据从 1980-2003(前 WNV)到 2004-2007(后 WNV)的趋势。我们将支持表生现象的区域的预期丰度趋势显着下降归因于 WNV 传播。我们结合从四个数据集的每一个中评估的风险,以生成按物种描述 WNV 风险的总体评分。加利福尼亚鸟类对 WNV 的易感性差异很大,总体风险评分范围从耐火岩鸽 (Columba livia) 的低到易感美国乌鸦的高。按降序排列,其他高危物种包括家雀(Carpodacus mexicanus)、黑冠夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)、西部草雀(Aphelocoma californica)和黄嘴鹊(Pica nuttalli)。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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