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Family planning and the burden of unintended pregnancies.
Epidemiologic Reviews ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2010-06-22 , DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxq012
Amy O Tsui 1 , Raegan McDonald-Mosley , Anne E Burke
Affiliation  

Family planning is hailed as one of the great public health achievements of the last century, and worldwide acceptance has risen to three-fifths of exposed couples. In many countries, however, uptake of modern contraception is constrained by limited access and weak service delivery, and the burden of unintended pregnancy is still large. This review focuses on family planning's efficacy in preventing unintended pregnancies and their health burden. The authors first describe an epidemiologic framework for reproductive behavior and pregnancy intendedness and use it to guide the review of 21 recent, individual-level studies of pregnancy intentions, health outcomes, and contraception. They then review population-level studies of family planning's relation to reproductive, maternal, and newborn health benefits. Family planning is documented to prevent mother-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, contribute to birth spacing, lower infant mortality risk, and reduce the number of abortions, especially unsafe ones. It is also shown to significantly lower maternal mortality and maternal morbidity associated with unintended pregnancy. Still, a new generation of research is needed to investigate the modest correlation between unintended pregnancy and contraceptive use rates to derive the full health benefits of a proven and cost-effective reproductive technology.

中文翻译:

计划生育和意外怀孕的负担。

计划生育被誉为上世纪伟大的公共卫生成就之一,全世界五分之三的夫妇接受计划生育。然而,在许多国家,现代避孕药具的采用受到渠道有限和服务提供薄弱的限制,意外怀孕的负担仍然很大。本综述的重点是计划生育在预防意外怀孕及其健康负担方面的功效。作者首先描述了生殖行为和妊娠意向的流行病学框架,并用它来指导对最近 21 项关于妊娠意向、健康结果和避孕的个体层面研究的审查。然后,他们回顾了人口层面的计划生育与生殖、孕产妇和新生儿健康益处关系的​​研究。据记载,计划生育可以防止人类免疫缺陷病毒的母婴传播,有助于缩短生育间隔,降低婴儿死亡风险,并减少堕胎(尤其是不安全堕胎)的数量。它还被证明可以显着降低与意外怀孕相关的孕产妇死亡率和孕产妇发病率。尽管如此,仍需要新一代的研究来调查意外怀孕和避孕药具使用率之间的适度相关性,以获得经过验证且具有成本效益的生殖技术的全部健康益处。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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