It is 25 years since the first report of a synthetic ion channel transporter. Today, dozens of molecular and supramolecular designs have been developed to facilitate ion and small molecule transport across a bilayer membrane. Presented here is a concise summary of the advances made over the past four years. The transporters are grouped into three mechanistic classes: mobile carrier, monomeric channel, and self-assembled pore. Common building blocks are crown ethers, steroids, cyclodextrins, peptides, curcubiturils, and calixarenes. The eventual goal is to produce functional supramolecular devices such as sensors, enzyme assays, and lead candidates for pharmaceutical development.

中文翻译：

---

合成膜转运蛋白的最新进展

自首次报道合成离子通道转运蛋白以来已有 25 年。今天，已经开发了数十种分子和超分子设计，以促进离子和小分子跨双层膜的传输。此处简要概述了过去四年中取得的进展。转运蛋白分为三个机械类别：移动载体、单体通道和自组装孔。常见的结构单元是冠醚、类固醇、环糊精、肽、葫芦脲和杯芳烃。最终目标是生产功能性超分子设备，如传感器、酶分析和药物开发的主要候选物。