Some features of linear perspective images may look distorted. Such distortions appear in two drawings by Jan Vredeman de Vries involving perceived elliptical, instead of circular, pillars and tilted, instead of upright, columns. Distortions may be due to factors intrinsic to the images, such as violations of the so-called Perkins's laws, or factors extrinsic to them, such as observing the images from positions different from their center of projection. When the correct projection centers for the two drawings were reconstructed, it was found that they were very close to the images and, therefore, practically unattainable in normal observation. In two experiments, enlarged versions of images were used as stimuli, making the positions of the projection centers attainable for observers. When observed from the correct positions, the perceived distortions disappeared or were greatly diminished. Distortions perceived from other positions were smaller than would be predicted by geometrical analyses, possibly due to flatness cues in the images. The results are relevant for the practical purposes of creating faithful impressions of 3-D spaces using 2-D images.

中文翻译：

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观察者有利位置对线性透视图图像中感知到的失真的影响。

线性透视图图像的某些功能可能看起来失真。扬·弗雷德曼·德·弗里斯（Jan Vredeman de Vries）的两幅图出现了这种扭曲，其中涉及感知的椭圆形而不是圆形的柱子，以及倾斜的而不是直立的柱子。失真可能是由于图像固有的因素引起的，例如违反了所谓的珀金斯定律，或者是由于图像固有的因素引起的，例如从与投影中心不同的位置观察图像。重建两张图的正确投影中心后，发现它们非常接近图像，因此在正常观察中几乎无法获得。在两个实验中，使用图像的放大版本作为刺激，使观察者可以达到投影中心的位置。从正确的位置观察时，感知的失真消失或大大减少。从其他位置感知到的失真比通过几何分析预测的失真要小，这可能是由于图像中的平坦度提示所致。结果与使用2-D图像创建3-D空间的真实印象的实际目的有关。