The ability of younger and older observers to perceive surface slant was investigated in four experiments. The surfaces possessed slants of 20°, 35°, 50°, and 65°, relative to the frontoparallel plane. The observers judged the slants using either a palm board (Experiments 1, 3, and 4) or magnitude estimation (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1–3, physically slanted surfaces were used (the surfaces possessed marble, granite, pebble, and circle textures), whereas computer-generated 3-D surfaces (defined by motion parallax and binocular disparity) were utilized in Experiment 4. The results showed that the younger and older observers' performance was essentially identical with regard to accuracy. The younger and older age groups, however, differed in terms of precision in Experiments 1 and 2: The judgments of the older observers were more variable across repeated trials. When taken as a whole, the results demonstrate that older observers (at least through the age of 83 years) can effectively extract information about slant in depth from optical patterns containing texture, motion parallax, or binocular disparity.

中文翻译：

---

光学纹理，运动视差和双眼视差导致的衰老和倾斜感。

在四个实验中研究了年轻和年长的观察者感知表面倾斜的能力。相对于额平行平面，这些表面的倾斜度为20°，35°，50°和65°。观察者使用掌板（实验1、3和4）或幅度估计（实验2）来判断倾斜度。在实验1-3中，使用了物理倾斜的表面（该表面具有大理石，花岗岩，卵石和圆形纹理），而在实验4中使用了计算机生成的3-D表面（由运动视差和双目视差定义）。结果表明，无论年龄大小，观察者的表现在准确性上基本相同。但是，实验1和2中的年龄段和年龄段的准确性有所不同：年龄较大的观察者的判断在反复试验中变化更大。从整体上看，结果表明，年龄较大的观察者（至少在83岁之前）可以从包含纹理，运动视差或双眼视差的光学图案中有效提取有关深度倾斜的信息。