Individual differences in food-related knowledge structures were explored by applying schema theory to examine the categories 42 adults used to classify foods across four eating contexts. Food card-sort labels were organized into 12 categories, category salience for each person was evaluated, and cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of participants according to the salience of their categories. Clusters were further evaluated for complexity and consistency of category use across contexts. Seven food schema clusters were identified. Meal/time and Routine categories were the most salient overall and were used by most clusters. Well-being, Person, Source, Convenience, Meal component, and Food group categories varied in salience across clusters. The complexity and consistency of the food categories participants used across the contexts varied among the clusters. This study provided insight about cognitions that may underlie food-choice behaviors. Understanding individuals' food schemas could help nutrition professionals tailor messages to maximize health impact.

中文翻译：

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不同饮食环境中食物概念化的个体差异

通过应用图式理论来检查 42 位成年人用于在四种饮食环境中对食物进行分类的类别，探索了与食物相关的知识结构的个体差异。食品卡片分类标签分为 12 个类别，评估每个人的类别显着性，并根据类别的显着性使用聚类分析来识别参与者的聚类。集群进一步评估了跨上下文类别使用的复杂性和一致性。确定了七个食物图式集群。用餐/时间和例行活动类别总体上最为突出，并且被大多数集群使用。幸福感、人、来源、便利性、膳食成分和食物组类别在不同集群之间的显着性不同。参与者在不同背景下使用的食物类别的复杂性和一致性在集群之间有所不同。这项研究提供了关于可能构成食物选择行为基础的认知的见解。了解个人的食物模式可以帮助营养专家定制信息，以最大限度地提高健康影响。