Presumably, second-language (L2) learning is mediated by changes in the brain. Little is known about what changes in the brain, how the brain changes, or when these changes occur during learning. Here, we illustrate by way of example how modern brain-based methods can be used to discern some of the changes that occur during L2 learning. Preliminary results from three studies indicate that classroom-based L2 instruction can result in changes in the brain's electrical activity, in the location of this activity within the brain, and in the structure of the learners' brains. These changes can occur during the earliest stages of L2 acquisition.

中文翻译：

---

第二语言学习和大脑的变化

据推测，第二语言 (L2) 学习是由大脑的变化介导的。人们对大脑发生了什么变化、大脑如何变化或这些变化在学习过程中何时发生知之甚少。在这里，我们通过示例说明如何使用现代基于大脑的方法来辨别 L2 学习过程中发生的一些变化。三项研究的初步结果表明，基于课堂的 L2 教学会导致大脑电活动、该活动在大脑中的位置以及学习者大脑结构的变化。这些变化可能发生在二语习得的最早阶段。