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Genes for host-plant selection in Drosophila.
Journal of Neurogenetics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2008-12-02 , DOI: 10.1080/01677060802298483
Takashi Matsuo 1
Affiliation  

Interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants are rich in diversity. How such interactions evolved has been a central issue in ecology. A series of analyses on an example of host-plant adaptation in a Drosophila species suggest that neurogenetics can be a powerful tool for understanding how insects' ability to select a specific host plant has evolved. Drosophila sechellia is a specialist species that exclusively reproduces on the ripe fruit of Morinda citrifolia, which is toxic to other Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster and D. simulans, which are phylogenetically close to D. sechellia. Genetic analyses have revealed that multiple loci are involved in the physiological and behavioral adaptations of D. sechellia to the Morinda fruit. The behavioral adaptation includes the loss of avoidance of the host toxin and the enhanced sensitivity to the host odor. Two odorant-binding protein genes, Obp57d and Obp57e, are involved in the perception of the host toxin. D. sechellia has lost several putative bitter-taste receptor genes, which might also be involved in the loss of avoidance of the host toxin. The available genetic data support an evolutionary scenario, in which the shift in the host-plant selection was not achieved by the acquisition of novel abilities, but by the loss of already existing abilities. It is also suggested that the size of chemosensory gene families has a potential to be an index of complexity in insect-environment interaction, providing an opportunity to reexamine the longstanding "specialization as an evolutionary dead end" hypothesis.

中文翻译:

果蝇宿主植物选择基因。

草食性昆虫与其寄主植物之间的相互作用具有丰富的多样性。这种相互作用如何发展一直是生态学的中心问题。对果蝇物种中宿主植物适应性实例的一系列分析表明,神经遗传学可以成为了解昆虫如何选择特定宿主植物的强大工具。果蝇果蝇是仅在巴戟天成熟果实上繁殖的专业种,对其他果蝇种有毒,其中包括D. melanogaster和D. simulans,在系统发育上接近于果蝇。遗传分析表明,多个位点参与了D. sechellia对Morinda果实的生理和行为适应。行为适应包括丧失对宿主毒素的避免和对宿主气味增强的敏感性。两种气味结合蛋白基因Obp57d和Obp57e与宿主毒素的感知有关。D. sechellia丢失了一些假定的苦味受体基因,这些基因也可能与避免宿主毒素有关。现有的遗传数据支持了进化的情况,在这种情况下,寄主植物选择的转变不是通过获得新能力来实现,而是通过丧失现有能力来实现。还建议化学感觉基因家族的大小有可能成为昆虫与环境相互作用复杂性的指标,为重新审视长期存在的“作为进化死角的专业化”假设提供了机会。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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