Marine eukaryotic photosynthesis is dominated by a diverse group of unicellular organisms collectively called microalgae. Microalgae include cells derived from a primary endosymbiotic event (similar to land plants) and cells derived from subsequent secondary and/or tertiary endosymbiotic events. These latter cells are chimeras of several genomes and dominate primary production in the marine environment. Two consequences of multiple endosymbiotic events include complex targeting mechanisms to allow nuclear-encoded proteins to be imported into the plastid and coordination of enzymes, potentially from disparate originator cells, to form complete metabolic pathways. In this review, we discuss the forces that shaped the genomes of marine microalgae and then discuss some of the metabolic consequences of such a complex evolutionary history. We focus our metabolic discussion on carbon, nitrogen, and iron. We then discuss biomineralization and new evidence for programmed cell death in microalgae. We conclude with a short summary on advances in genetic manipulation of microalgae and thoughts on the future directions of marine algal genomics.

中文翻译：

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海洋微藻的基因组见解。

海洋真核生物的光合作用主要由各种各样的单细胞生物统称为微藻。微藻包括衍生自主要内共生事件的细胞（类似于陆地植物）和衍生自随后的继发性和/或三次内生共生事件的细胞。后一类细胞是几种基因组的嵌合体，在海洋环境中占主导地位。多种内共生事件的两个后果包括复杂的靶向机制，允许将核编码的蛋白质导入质体中，并协调酶（可能来自不同的原始细胞）形成完整的代谢途径。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了塑造海洋微藻基因组的力，然后讨论了这种复杂的进化史的一些代谢后果。我们将代谢讨论的重点放在碳，氮和铁上。然后，我们讨论生物矿化和微藻中程序性细胞死亡的新证据。我们以简短的总结总结了微藻的基因操作方面的进展以及对海洋藻类基因组学未来方向的思考。