Next generation biosensor platforms will require significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and parallelity in order to meet the future needs of a variety of fields ranging from in vitro medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical discovery and pathogen detection. Nano-biosensors, which exploit some fundamental nanoscopic effect in order to detect a specific biomolecular interaction, have now been developed to a point where it is possible to determine in what cases their inherent advantages over traditional techniques (such as nucleic acid microarrays) more than offset the added complexity and cost involved constructing and assembling the devices. In this paper we will review the state of the art in nanoscale biosensor technologies, focusing primarily on optofluidic type devices but also covering those which exploit fundamental mechanical and electrical transduction mechanisms. A detailed overview of next generation requirements is presented yielding a series of metrics (namely limit of detection, multiplexibility, measurement limitations, and ease of fabrication/assembly) against which the various technologies are evaluated. Concluding remarks regarding the likely technological impact of some of the promising technologies are also provided.

中文翻译：

---

纳米生物传感器：用于纳米级生物分子检测的光流，电和机械方法。

下一代生物传感器平台将需要在灵敏度，特异性和平行性方面进行重大改进，以满足从体外医学诊断，药物发现和病原体检测等各个领域的未来需求。纳米生物传感器利用一些基本的纳米效应来检测特定的生物分子相互作用，现在已经发展到可以确定在何种情况下它们比传统技术（例如核酸微阵列）具有更多固有优势的地方。抵消了增加的复杂性和建造和组装设备的成本。在本文中，我们将回顾纳米生物传感器技术的最新发展，主要关注光流体类型的设备，但也涵盖那些利用基本的机械和电气转换机制的设备。提出了对下一代要求的详细概述，得出了一系列指标（即检测极限，可复用性，测量极限以及制造/组装的简便性），可以根据这些指标评估各种技术。还提供了有关某些有前途技术可能产生的技术影响的总结性发言。