Wolbachia are gram-negative bacteria that are widespread in nature, carried by the majority of insect species as well as some mites, crustaceans, and filarial nematodes. Wolbachia can range from parasitic to symbiotic, depending upon the interaction with the host species. The success of Wolbachia is attributed to efficient maternal transmission and manipulations of host reproduction that favor infected females, such as sperm-egg cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Much remains unknown about the mechanistic basis for Wolbachia-host interactions. Here we summarize the current understanding of Wolbachia interaction with insect hosts, with a focus on Drosophila. The areas of discussion include Wolbachia transmission in oogenesis, Wolbachia distribution in spermatogenesis, induction and rescue of the CI phenotype, Wolbachia genomics, and Wolbachia-membrane interactions.

中文翻译：

---

Wolbachia-宿主相互作用的遗传学和细胞生物学。

Wolbachia是革兰氏阴性细菌，在自然界中广泛传播，由大多数昆虫物种以及一些螨，甲壳类和丝状线虫携带。Wolbachia的范围从寄生到共生，取决于与宿主物种的相互作用。Wolbachia的成功归因于有效的母体传播和对受感染女性有利的宿主繁殖操作，例如精卵细胞质不相容（CI）。关于沃尔巴契亚-宿主相互作用的机制基础，目前还不清楚。在这里，我们总结当前对Wolbachia与昆虫宿主相互作用的理解，重点是果蝇。讨论的领域包括卵母细胞发生中的Wolbachia传播，精子发生中的Wolbachia分布，CI表型的诱导和拯救，Wolbachia基因组学，