Toward the end of the 1930s, Bernhard Rensch (1900-1990) turned from Lamarckism and orthogenesis to selectionism and became one of the key figures in the making of the Synthetic Theory of Evolution (STE). He contributed to the Darwinization of biological systematics, the criticism of various anti-Darwinian movements in the German lands, but more importantly founded a macroevolutionary theory based on Darwinian gradualism. In the course of time, Rensch's version of the STE developed into an all-embracing metaphysical conception based on a kind of Spinozism. Here we approach Rensch's "selectionist turn" by outlining its context, and by analyzing his theoretical transformation. We try to reconstruct the immanent logic of Rensch's evolution from a "Lamarckian Synthesis" to a "Darwinian Synthesis". We will pay close attention to his pre-Darwinian works, because this period has not been treated in detail in English before. We demonstrate an astonishing continuity in topics, methodology, and empirical generalizations despite the shift in Rensch's views on evolutionary mechanisms. We argue that the continuity in Rensch's theoretical system can be explained, at last in part, by the guiding role of general methodological principles which underlie the entire system, explicitly or implicitly. Specifically, we argue that Rensch's philosophy became an asylum for the concept of orthogenesis which Rensch banned from evolutionary theory. Unable to explain the directionality of evolution in terms of empirically based science, he "pre-programmed" the occurrence of human-level intelligence by a sophisticated philosophy combined with a supposedly naturalistic evolutionary biology.

中文翻译：

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心理发生学和心理系统发生学：伯恩哈德·伦施 (Bernhard Rensch) (1900-1990) 的选择主义者通过泛心主义同一主义的棱镜转向。

到 1930 年代末，伯恩哈德·伦施 (Bernhard Rensch，1900-1990) 从拉马克主义和正畸学转向选择主义，成为合成进化论 (STE) 形成的关键人物之一。他对生物系统学的达尔文化、对德国土地上各种反达尔文运动的批评做出了贡献，但更重要的是建立了基于达尔文渐进主义的宏观进化论。随着时间的推移，伦施的 STE 版本发展成为一种基于斯宾诺兹主义的包罗万象的形而上学概念。在这里，我们通过概述其背景和分析他的理论转变来接近 Rensch 的“选择主义转向”。我们试图重构伦施从“拉马克综合”到“达尔文综合”的演变的内在逻辑。我们将密切关注他在达尔文之前的作品，因为之前没有用英语详细处理过这个时期。尽管 Rensch 对进化机制的看法发生了转变，但我们在主题、方法论和经验概括方面表现出惊人的连续性。我们认为，伦施理论体系的连续性最终可以部分地通过作为整个体系基础的一般方法论原则的指导作用来解释，无论是明确的还是隐含的。具体来说，我们认为伦施的哲学成为了伦施从进化论中禁止的正畸概念的避难所。无法用基于经验的科学来解释进化的方向性，他“预先编程”