The American precursors of evo-devo have numerous phenotypes. Fritz Müller, a German émigré living in Brazil, was one of the first post-Darwin evolutionary biologists to look seriously at the roles of larvae in constraining and permitting evolutionary change. His book, Für Darwin, contains the germs of numerous ideas concerning recapitulation, larval ecology, punctuated equilibrium, and canalization. William Keith Brooks was interested in larval ecology and the mechanisms that promoted selectable variation. One of his students, E. B. Wilson, followed one of Mülller's paths and brought the notion of embryonic homologies into the area of developmental biology and animal classification. Frank R. Lillie took a different page out of Müller and emphasized larval adaptations.

中文翻译：

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evo-devo 的美国前身：生态学、细胞谱系和不配神的消遣。

evo-devo 的美国前体有许多表型。生活在巴西的德国移民弗里茨·穆勒 (Fritz Müller) 是最早认真研究幼虫在限制和允许进化变化中的作用的后达尔文进化生物学家之一。他的书《达尔文》（Für Darwin）包含了关于重演、幼虫生态学、间断平衡和运河化的众多思想的萌芽。威廉·基思·布鲁克斯 (William Keith Brooks) 对幼虫生态学和促进可选择变异的机制感兴趣。他的一名学生 EB 威尔逊遵循穆勒的路径之一，将胚胎同源性的概念带入发育生物学和动物分类领域。弗兰克·R·莉莉（Frank R. Lillie）从 Müller 身上吸取了不同的教训，并强调了幼虫的适应性。