It is now clear that cell-cell communication, often referred to as quorum sensing (QS), is the norm in the prokaryotic kingdom and this community-wide genetic regulatory mechanism has been adopted for regulation of many important biological functions. Since the 1980s, several types of QS signals have been identified, which are associated commonly with different types of QS mechanisms. Among them, the diffusible signal factor (DSF)-dependent QS system, originally discovered from bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, is a relatively new regulatory mechanism. The rapid research progress over the last few years has identified the chemical structure of the QS signal DSF, established the DSF regulon, and unveiled the general signaling pathways and mechanisms. Particular noteworthy are that DSF biosynthesis is modulated by a novel posttranslational autoinduction mechanism involving protein-protein interaction between the DSF synthase RpfF and the sensor RpfC, and that QS signal sensing is coupled to intracellular regulatory networks through a second messenger cyclic-di-GMP and a global regulator Clp. Genomic and genetic analyses show that the DSF QS-signaling pathway regulates diverse biological functions including virulence, biofilm dispersal, and ecological competence. Moreover, evidence is emerging that the DSF QS system is conserved in a range of plant and human bacterial pathogens.

中文翻译：

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Xanthomonas campestris中的群体感应和毒力调节。

现在很清楚，细胞间的通信（通常称为群体感应（QS））是原核生物界的常态，这种社区范围的遗传调节机制已被用于调节许多重要的生物学功能。自1980年代以来，已经确定了几种类型的QS信号，这些信号通常与不同类型的QS机制相关联。其中，依赖于扩散信号因子（DSF）的QS系统最初是从细菌病原体Xanthomonas campestris pv中发现的。樟脑，是一个相对较新的监管机制。过去几年的快速研究进展已经确定了QS信号DSF的化学结构，建立了DSF调节剂，并揭示了一般的信号传导途径和机制。特别值得注意的是，DSF生物合成受新型翻译后自动诱导机制调控，涉及DSF合酶RpfF和传感器RpfC之间的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，并且QS信号传感通过第二信使环-di-GMP和全球监管机构Clp。基因组和遗传分析表明，DSF QS信号通路调节多种生物功能，包括毒力，生物膜扩散和生态能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，DSF QS系统在一系列植物和人类细菌病原体中均得到保护。QS信号感应通过第二个Messenger循环di-GMP和全局调节器Clp耦合到细胞内调节网络。基因组和遗传分析表明，DSF QS信号通路调节多种生物功能，包括毒力，生物膜扩散和生态能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，DSF QS系统在一系列植物和人类细菌病原体中均得到保护。QS信号感应通过第二个Messenger循环di-GMP和全局调节器Clp耦合到细胞内调节网络。基因组和遗传分析表明，DSF QS信号通路调节多种生物功能，包括毒力，生物膜扩散和生态能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，DSF QS系统在一系列植物和人类细菌病原体中均得到保护。