The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The aaRSs are essential for coupling the correct amino acid and tRNA molecules, but are also known to associate in higher order complexes with proteins involved in processes beyond translation. Multiprotein complexes containing aaRSs are found in all three domains of life playing roles in splicing, apoptosis, viral assembly, and regulation of transcription and translation. An overview of the complexes aaRSs form in all domains of life is presented, demonstrating the extensive network of connections between the translational machinery and cellular components involved in a myriad of essential processes beyond protein synthesis.

中文翻译：

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氨酰-tRNA 合成酶复合物：揭示分子多任务处理。

由 mRNA 中编码的相应核苷酸序列决定的蛋白质的准确合成对于细胞生长和存活至关重要。该过程的核心是氨酰-tRNA 合成酶 (aaRS)，它以氨酰-tRNA 的形式为不断增长的多肽链提供氨基酸底物。aaRS 对偶联正确的氨基酸和 tRNA 分子至关重要，但也已知以更高阶的复合物与参与翻译以外过程的蛋白质相关联。含有 aaRS 的多蛋白复合物存在于生命的所有三个领域，在剪接、细胞凋亡、病毒组装以及转录和翻译的调节中发挥作用。概述了所有生命领域中 aaRS 形成的复合物，